Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

Background: AngioACCESS is one of the main treatment procedures for surgeons considering dialysis patients. End stage renal disease patients have to spend most of their lives under dialysis; therefore, given the high expenditure of angioACCESS surgeries, this study was conducted to evaluate the patency rate and complications of arteriovenous ACCESS operations.Methods: In this prospective study, 169 patients underwent 311 ACCESS surgeries for hemodialysis. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS.Findings: Life table analysis showed that of 169 patients with fistulas, 84.9% of cases were patent after 2 months, and 80.5% and 73% were patent after 4 and 6 months, respectively. There was no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients patency rate in cubital ACCESS, but the patency rate in distal fistulas was significantly lower in diabetics. Different complications were recorded in 48.6% of patients, mainly heart failure and mild edema.Conclusion: Diabetes was higher among our cases than normal population which can be due to poor screening programs and low information on risks and correct follow-up of patients. In diabetic patients, cubital fistulas should be considered prior to distal ACCESSes. Complication rate in our study was higher than those reported. Since complications are significantly surgeon dependent, more attention to residential education and participating in related workshops can be helpful.

In speech recognition process, while listening to a word, a number of word representations are assumed to be activated simultaneously as candidates for an incoming word, and later the appropriate one is selected (McQeen et al. 1994). An important issue in speech processing is the kind of information that constrains lexical activation. Suprasegmental features are amongst factors which can play an important role in mental lexicon activation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of lexical stress on mental lexicon activation in Persian. For this purpose, 10 Persian words with two possible stress PATTERNs and two different meanings, and from different syntactic categories were selected. The target words were offered to the experiment participants in the form of three questionnaires. The results of the present study showed that: 1) stress PATTERN used while reading the target words is affected by the context in which the words are placed. 2) There is no relation between stress PATTERN used while reading the target words and the written word in front of them. In other words, when people want to write a word in front of the target words, they do not pay attention to the stress PATTERN they have used while reading the word. The reason of the second result could be that in Persian almost all verbs have just one stress PATTERN. Therefore, the participants consider the target words of this study as exceptions and do not pay attention to the stress PATTERN.

Background: While considering the rise in the mean age of the chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and increasing frequency of those who need constant hemodialysis, the creation of a native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is not possible, which could be due to the inACCESSibility of the superficial veins. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the vascular ACCESS, using cryopreserved jugular vein.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 15 sheep (Wt.= 30-40 kg) were selected between the year 2001 and 2002. The external jugular vein of each sheep was excised and after cryopreservation was put in liquid nitrogen (-196°C). Twenty-eight days later, the sample veins were used as allograft (in another sheep), and autograft (in the same sheep) and were placed between carotid artery and external jugular vein as bridge AVF. The efficacy, function, and patency were evaluated using doppler sonography and pathologic report.Results: Patency rate of sample was 100% after 3 months in both allografts and autografts. Thrombosis, hematoma, and infection were not seen. No inflammation was detected in pathologic report.Conclusion: This study showed that using allograft vein for vascular ACCESS is feasible and suitable, and it is recommended specially for those with previously infected fistula.

Introduction: Inability to establish a success vascular ACCESS or associated complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients.Objective: Relative Frequency of Success and Complications of Vascular ACCESS in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in Razi Hospital (2007).Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was performed on ESRD patients in Razi Hospital. The data were collected based on interview and physical examination. Because of the probability of failure in ACCESS of any patient and need to another ACCESS establishment, the ACCESS numbers was more than the patients number.Results: Among total of 151 patients 59.6% of patients was man and 40.4% was woman. The mean age of patients was 54.22±14.39 years. Success rate of dialysis was 86.1%. 82.9% of vascular ACCESS was used less than 2 months of creation (mean=31-60 days). 32 cases of complications (15.6%) were recorded which included: 9 cases of false aneurysm, 9 cases of venous hypertension, 5 cases of infection, 4 cases of steal syndrome, 3 cases of true aneurysm and 2 cases of thrombosis. The most number of complications were happened in antecobital AVF.Conclusion: Success rate of dialysis in this study is like that other studies.  Because of patients don't refer in proper time; use of vascular ACCESS was performed in less than 2 months of creation. It can increase complications and decrease patency rate of vascular ACCESS. On the other hand, to decrease the cost, usage of graft is less than native AVF, it could be reason of increased presence of complications in native AVF.